Guitar rays, also known as guitarfish, are one of the oceanโs most curious hybridsโcombining the flat body of a ray with the sweeping tail of a shark. Divers in Diani Beach, Kenya are sometimes lucky enough to encounter these bottom-dwelling creatures gliding across sandy flats or resting near coral reefs. But what exactly are guitar rays, and why are they worth watching out for?
What Is a Guitar Ray?
Guitar rays belong to the ray familyย Rhinobatidae, a group often referred to asย shovelnose rays. With a long, flattened snout, wing-like pectoral fins, and a muscular tail, their silhouette closely resembles a guitarโhence the name[^1].
They typically grow to aboutย 1.5โ1.8 metersย in length, although some species remain smaller. Their backs areย sandy brown or olive, mottled for camouflage against the seabed, while their undersides are pale. Though closely related to rays, theyย swim like sharks, using their tails in a side-to-side motion rather than flapping their fins[^2].
Where Do Guitar Rays Live?
Guitar rays preferย warm, shallow coastal waters, especially tropical and subtropical seas. They thrive overย sandy and muddy seabeds, seagrass meadows, and the edges of coral reefs[^3].
Inย East Africa, and particularly aroundย Diani, these habitats are found in abundance. Theย DianiโChale Marine Reserve offers a combination ofย fringing coral reefs,ย sandy channels, andย seagrass bedsโan ideal environment for guitar rays to feed and hide[^4].
What Do They Eat?
Guitar rays areย bottom feeders, using their keen senses and flattened bodies to detect prey buried in sand. Their diet includes:
- Crustaceansย like crabs and shrimp
- Mollusks, including clams and snails
- Small bottom-dwelling fish
- Worms and other invertebrates
They often forage by stirring up sand with their fins or lying in ambush, waiting for prey to pass by[^5].
Behaviour and Daily Life
Guitar rays are typicallyย solitary and shy. During the day, they rest motionless on the seabed, partially buried. At night, they become more active, foraging under the cover of darkness.
Unlike stingrays, theyย do not possess venomous barbsย and are generally harmless to divers. While they may appear elusive, patient observers may see one gliding slowly away if gently approached[^6].
How Do Guitar Rays Reproduce?
Guitar rays reproduce throughย internal fertilisation, with females giving birth toย live youngย after a long gestation period. This method, calledย ovoviviparity, involves embryos developing in eggs inside the motherโs body until they hatch and are born.
- Gestationย lasts around 10โ12 months.
- Litter sizesย are smallโbetween 2 and 12 pups.
- No parental careย is provided after birth.
Due to their slow reproductive cycle and low birth rates, guitar rays areย especially vulnerable to population declines[^7].
Are They Endangered?
Many species of guitar rays are now considered threatened or endangered. The IUCN lists several as Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endangered, largely due to:
- Overfishing, both targeted and as bycatch
- Habitat destructionย from coastal development and pollution
- Low reproductive rates, making population recovery slow
Some guitarfish are even caught for their fins, which are sold in international shark-fin markets[^8].
Guitar Rays in Diani, Kenya
Dianiโs reef and sandscape make it one of theย best places in Kenya to see guitar rays. The marine reserveโsย protected statusย and rich biodiversity increase the likelihood of sightings, especially inย sandy channels between coral outcropsย or duringย night dives.
Local dive operators, including Ocean Tribe, report occasional sightings ofย resting guitar rays, particularly in deeper reef areas or nearย seagrass beds. Their ability to camouflage makes them easy to missโbut extremely rewarding to find[^4].
Why You Should Care
Guitar rays may not be as famous as manta rays or whale sharks, but theyโre just as remarkable. As indicator species, their presence tells us about the health of coastal marine ecosystems. Seeing one on a dive is a special momentโand a reminder of why marine protection matters.
Next time youโre diving in Diani, keep an eye on the sandโyou might just spot a shadow that looks a little like a shark, a little like a rayโฆ and completely unforgettable.
References
[^1]: Last, P.R., et al. (2016). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing.
[^2]: Compagno, L.J.V. (2002). Sharks of the World. FAO Species Catalogue.
[^3]: McEachran, J.D., & de Carvalho, M.R. (2002). Biology of Skates and Rays.
[^4]: Kuria, M. & Eijkelenboom, G. (2019). DianiโChale Marine Reserve Biodiversity Report. Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute.
[^5]: Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (1986). Smithsโ Sea Fishes.
[^6]: Ocean Tribe Dive Log Archives, 2022โ2024.
[^7]: IUCN Red List. (2023). Rhinobatos spp. Retrieved from iucnredlist.org
[^8]: Dulvy, N.K., et al. (2021). Overfishing Threatens Sharks and Rays. Nature, 589, 233โ237.